How to Price Meat in Today’s Market

You’ve launched a successful butcher shop or restaurant, and now you need to figure out how to price meat. Setting the right prices in today’s tumultuous market is tricky. Environmental impacts, declining supply, and the growing demand for alternative proteins continue to challenge the industry. Not to mention the rising cost of food: The price of meat and veal jumped 7.7% from January 2023 to January 2024, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Despite all this, the number of carnivores has remained steady at an astonishing 80%, according to the 2024 Power of Meat Report. Americans are certainly steadfast in their love of a good steak. The big question is: will consumers continue to buy meat at higher prices, and if so, at what price?

With so many unknowns, fine-tuning the pricing is more critical than ever. Correct pricing can result in more customers, a larger share of the local market, and, ultimately, increased profits. But just as no two butchers are alike, there’s no plug-and-play formula to follow. One shop may source $150 Wagyu steaks from Japan, whereas a competitor might specialize in local venison — and they both have similar profit margins. Think of pricing as a strategic tool that reflects your brand’s unique identity and position in the market. 

In this article, we’ll examine the key factors that influence pricing decisions. These include clear-cut factors like the cost of ingredients and labor. We’ll also tackle the stuff that’s difficult to pin down, like overhead costs and indirect labor. Then, we’ll share step-by-step methods to calculate costs and set prices for your business. Read on for key strategies and insights to maximize your chances of success.

Understanding the Basics of Pricing Meat 

Simply put, pricing is the process of determining how much money you’ll charge for your meat. It’s a crucial part of being a business owner for many reasons. 

Business Longevity

Market conditions change, and business owners must be flexible enough to adjust prices in response to economic shifts and customer demand to achieve sustainability. We’ve all experienced first-hand the high cost of ingredients and supply chain issues of recent years. Unfortunately, food businesses that charge 2019 prices today cannot expect to thrive. 

Competitive Strategy

Finding the balance between profitability and competitiveness will be an ever-present challenge. Meat purveyors must look to rival businesses to ensure their offerings are competitive and adjust pricing accordingly while always keeping profitability in mind. This may mean cutting prices to gain market share or, on the flip side, raising prices to signify higher quality. 

Pricing Considerations

It’s more than just a markup percentage on wholesale that goes into pricing steak. To determine your pricing, think about every action that contributes to creating your Prime dry-aged filet mignon. This will include ingredient costs, labor costs, and overhead expenses, such as rent, utilities, and insurance. You can’t stop there. Zoom out even further to evaluate overall market demand and what your competitors are doing right and wrong. Pricing one piece of meat requires a holistic approach with big-picture thinking.

Calculating Your Costs

Start by pondering this question: how much does it cost to produce one unit of X? Ingredients will likely jump to mind first, but you might be surprised by all the factors impacting the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS). It’s no picnic figuring out your COGS, but it’s essential to pricing, providing a baseline amount you should never go below. There are many unknowns when launching a business, but one thing is for sure: You don’t want to sell products for less money than it took to prep them. Here, we break it down. 

1. Recipe Costing 

Recipe costing software takes the pain out of the process, but you can do this manually with a spreadsheet or Recipe Cost template. Write down each ingredient in your recipe, and next to each ingredient, put the measure used (weight, volume, or number). Compute the actual food cost of each ingredient by determining the unit of measure per recipe portion size based on the total cost per purchased unit. Say that you make your own sausage, and each link has 1/5 pound of ground meat. The average price for 1 pound of ground beef for restaurants is $3.84, so the cost of meat for one sausage will be around 77 cents. Continue to add up the individual cost of each ingredient to get the total cost for each recipe.  

Be sure to account for food waste in your calculations since some spoilage, mismeasurements, and spillage are inevitable. For tips on monitoring spoilage, check out our guide to conquering food waste. 

2. Labor Cost Calculation 

Labor costs include more than just hourly wages, typically making up about 30% of a business’s revenue. Anything that can be categorized as “labor-related” goes into your labor cost calculation, and there are two main buckets: Direct labor and indirect labor. Direct labor encompasses regular wages, overtime hours, insurance, and paid time off. Indirect labor includes fringe benefits like bonuses and uniforms.

Once you’ve done the heavy lifting to determine your labor costs (direct and indirect), plug your numbers into this formula:

Hourly labor costs x hours of labor per unit = cost of labor per menu item. 

3. Overhead Cost Calculation 

For a truly accurate pricing strategy, operational overhead expenses must be factored into every t-bone steak and holiday ham. 

Fixed costs are constant no matter what you decide to cook or sell. These include rent, property taxes, business loan payments, and monthly rental of cooking equipment and storage units. Then come the variable costs, which fluctuate monthly depending on your output, maintenance costs for your equipment, and packaging for your food. To calculate the overhead costs per dish, use this formula: 

The total amount of overhead costs (fixed and variable) incurred during a period  / the total number of units produced = per unit overhead. 

4. Total Cost Per Item Calculation

Now comes the moment of truth where you discover the total cost per item, which is crucial to setting the price of your meat items. 

Recipe Cost + Labor Cost + Overhead Cost = Total Cost Per Item 

Setting Your prices

Congratulations. Just by determining your COGS, you’ve already won half the battle. Now it’s time for the fun stuff: setting the right price so you can rake in the profits and grow your business. 

Determine Your Markup

The markup percentage varies from business to business and is influenced by other costs such as target profit, overhead, and more. With those disclaimers out of the way, markups in the meat industry can range from 25% to 50% or more, depending on what kind of meat you're serving.

Pricing Strategies

• Cost Plus Pricing is the most popular pricing strategy but has its pros and cons. On the plus side, it’s simple and straightforward: the business owner calculates all costs (fixed and variable) for a food item and then applies a markup percentage to determine the selling price. 
  The drawback is that when a product costs less money to make, you earn lower revenue and total profit. On the other hand, a bloated cost structure may force you to set higher price points to cover unnecessary expenses.

• Value-Based Pricing sets prices based primarily on the consumer’s perceived value of a product. It is customer-focused, meaning your food business will base pricing on how much your customers believe your meat offerings are worth. Rather than costs dictating how much you charge, this approach gives you more control over pricing and is a great fit for any shop owner or restauranteur with an inventive menu, rare cuts of meat, or unique approach that sets them apart from the competition.
  The trick is that it requires a deep understanding of the local market, which only comes from time and research, two things you might be short on when launching a business.

• Competition-Based Pricing. As the name suggests, this involves setting price points relative to your competition. You have three choices: below the competition, at the competition, or above the competition. It’s a popular approach when butchers or restaurants sell similar dishes that customers already know and love and when the price of a dish has reached an “equilibrium.” For instance, most places charge around the same price for a basic deli sandwich, unless we’re talking Katz’s Deli in Manhattan and their famous $27 pastrami on rye.
  To charge more than competitors, your business must deliver a premium experience. Pricing below competitors, on the other hand, risks taking a loss and hoping customers will buy other services to make up for it (known as the Loss Leader Strategy). Those who match competitors’ pricing must distinguish themselves in different ways, like through marketing, excellent service, or more varied options.

Considering Price Elasticity

Buyers' responsiveness to price changes can be elastic, meaning the demand for products and services can be very sensitive. Or it can be inelastic, with no change in demand. To give you a better idea, necessities like groceries and utilities are generally considered inelastic, with demand remaining the same even when prices increase. Where do meat purchases fall? Economists debate this very question, but recent research from Supermarket News found that the higher cost of beef has not deterred customers from buying, pointing to inelastic demand for beef, at least for now.

Factoring in Perceived Value 

This is where a great marketing strategy comes into play. Perceived value is your customer’s perception of your menu’s desirability, especially in comparison to a competitor. If you’re known to source from local farmers and producers, offer ethically raised and high-quality meat, or have excellent customer service, people will be more willing to pay a premium.

Setting Different Prices for Different Sales Channels 

Just think of all the various channels through which you can sell your food: parties, corporate events, weddings, retail shops, e-commerce, food festivals, food trucks, home deliveries, and the list goes on. Each distribution channel will have different profit margins, and you can customize pricing for each channel to maximize profits while appealing to various types of customers.

Adjusting and Optimizing Your Prices 

The decision to raise or lower prices is fraught with worries, but if price adjustments are implemented correctly, you can actually strengthen your connection with customers.

Monitor and Analyze Sales Data 

A spreadsheet or another data analysis tool can help you spot sales trends and buying patterns for individual items, providing insight on how and when to adjust your prices. For instance, many businesses raise prices slightly during the holidays when people pay less notice to prices. On the other hand, brand-new shops and restaurants might delay price hikes to gain market share if sales are slow. 

Conduct Regular Market Research 

Market research may involve surveys, soliciting feedback, and customer interviews — it sounds like a lot, but getting to know your target audience and their buying habits will help grow your business in many ways. You’ll use the data to hone your product and menu offerings, develop your marketing strategy — and, of course, set prices. This will also come in handy with channel pricing as you figure out which products to market to which segments. 

Adjusting Your Prices

• Changes in cost: Adjusting prices due to inflation or other factors requires a nuanced approach. One method is to tailor adjustments to customers who may be less sensitive to pricing. For instance, Millennials are the biggest spenders on meat, paying the most money of any generation per meat purchase, according to the 2024 Power of Meat report.

• Seasonal factors: The first step of a seasonal pricing strategy is to identify your busy times of the year. For instance, nine out of 10 shoppers say they would spend extra on occasion, with the holidays listed as one of the top reasons, the report found. After pinpointing your key seasons, establish a base rate for your dishes or the lowest you’re willing to go to break even. Seasonal rates are typically higher or lower than your base rate, depending on demand in that season.

• Market demand: In this approach, you’ll charge higher prices during high-demand periods and lower prices during low-demand periods. This is not the astronomical surge pricing used by airlines and ride shares, where prices double during busy times. When food businesses do this, they take a slow and measured approach to avoid sticker shock, increasing prices by 10% or 20% during busy times. Your market research data will help you understand your customers’ behavior so that you can predict the ebbs and flows of future demand.

• Competitor pricing: whether undercutting, benchmarking, or charging a bit more for higher quality, it makes sense to look at your rivals when adjusting pricing. That said, it’s always important to do your due diligence to ensure their prices are accurate and align with what consumers are willing to pay. Keep in mind that any changes need to work within your cost structure, not only covering your COGS but also ensuring a healthy profit margin.

Implementing Promotional Pricing Strategies

Offering loyalty perks, online coupons, subscription boxes, or meat club memberships are all ways to engage customers and increase sales. The trick is to use them wisely. For instance, offering barbecue packs or holiday-themed meat platters will appeal to consumers looking for more food at a lower price. However, it won’t appeal to high-rollers willing to splurge for exactly what they want.

Communicating Price Changes to Customers

Honesty is the best policy: Customers appreciate transparency around price changes. Most of us would immediately stock up the fridge if our favorite butcher suddenly slashed prices on our favorite cuts. On the flip side, informing customers about price hikes ahead of time and explaining the reason why goes a long way toward building trust. 

Pricing is more complex than it seems, but a nuanced, well-thought-out approach will keep your customers happy and lead you to profitability. There’s no “magic number” that will guarantee instant success, but following these strategies will get you pretty darn close.